Causes and Treatment of Blood in Urine (Hematuria)

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is usually caused by kidney stones, bladder stones, prostate enlargement, or urinary tract infections, and treating these underlying problems will also treat the hematuria. Hematuria is diagnosed through urine and blood tests, and imaging tests may also be used to make a diagnosis.

What is blood in the urine (hematuria)?

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is most often associated with kidney stones, bladder stones, urinary tract infections, and prostate problems. Depending on the amount of blood, the urine may sometimes turn visibly red or pink. Blood in the urine is usually undetectable and resolves on its own, but if noticeable and frequent blood is observed, a doctor's examination is absolutely necessary.

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What are the types of blood in the urine (hematuria)?

Blood in the urine is often undetectable and sometimes resolves on its own. Blood in urine can be seen in two forms: microscopic and gross hematuria. Types of hematuria are as follows:

• Microscopic Hematuria: Blood in urine is not visible to the naked eye; it can only be detected in a urine sample taken in a laboratory setting.
• Gross (macro) hematuria: Blood in the urine is visible to the naked eye, and the urine may be pink, red, or brown.

What causes blood in the urine (hematuria)?

Blood in the urine (hematuria) can occur due to a variety of reasons. Urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and bladder stones are among the most common causes of hematuria. The causes of blood in the urine (hematuria) include:

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Urinary tract infections can cause hematuria; other symptoms of a urinary tract infection include frequent urination, burning during urination, and high fever.
• Renal calculus One of the most common causes of hematuria is kidney stones; stones that form in the kidney can cause bleeding, especially when passing them.
• Bladder stones Bladder stones can move through the urinary tract and cause bleeding.
• Trauma: Bleeding in the urinary tract, bladder, or kidneys, resulting from an accident or trauma, can cause blood to be seen in the urine.
• Prostate diseases: Prostate enlargement, prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland), and other similar problems can cause blood in the urine.
• Tumors or cancer: Cancers of the bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra, or prostate can cause hematuria.
• Kidney diseases: Hematuria can occur in kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomeruli) and Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy).
• Medicines: Blood thinners, aspirin, and similar medications can cause hematuria.
• Strenuous exercise: Prolonged and strenuous exercise can temporarily cause blood in the urine.

What are the symptoms of blood in the urine (hematuria)?

The symptoms of blood in the urine (hematuria) vary depending on the underlying cause. Hematuria is usually not visible to the naked eye and is detected through laboratory tests performed due to various symptoms. Symptoms of blood in the urine (hematuria) are as follows:

• Changes in urine color (pink, red, or brown)
• Frequent urination
• Burning or pain while urinating
• Pain in the pelvic region
• Fever, chills, and general weakness.
• Inability to control to urinate
• Cloudy urine or clots in the urine
• Sometimes kidney pain (flank pain)

How is blood in the urine (hematuria) diagnosed?

The most common method for diagnosing blood in the urine (hematuria) is a urinalysis. The following methods are used to diagnose blood in the urine (hematuria):

• Urinalysis: A urine sample is taken from the patient and tested in a laboratory.
• Cystoscopy: A device called a cystoscope, which has a camera at its tip, is used to examine the urethra and bladder. Tumors, lesions, and any additional abnormalities are checked.
• Urinal cytology: A urine sample taken from the patient is examined for cells.
• Imaging tests: The kidneys, bladder, and urethra can be examined using ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans.

What is the treatment for blood in the urine (hematuria)?

Treatment for blood in the urine (hematuria) depends on the underlying cause. The treatment options available for blood in the urine (hematuria) are as follows:

• Antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections
• Treatment methods for kidney or bladder stones include lithotripsy, drinking plenty of water, etc., aimed at helping to pass the stones.
• Treatment options for prostate problems include medication or surgery.
• If it is tumor or cancer-related, oncological treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.

Frequently Asked Questions About Blood in Urine (Hematuria)

What causes blood in the urine (hematuria) in women?

In women, blood in the urine (hematuria), especially blood on the last tissue after urination, can be caused by menstrual bleeding. Menstrual blood may mix with urine at the beginning or end of the menstrual period and is harmless.

Is hematuria a sign of cancer?

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is not directly cancer, but recurrent hematuria can be a symptom of cancer. Bloody urine can be a symptom of bladder cancer, kidney cancer, or prostate cancer, so a doctor's examination is absolutely necessary.

What is a good apply for hematuria?

Hematuria is treated according to the underlying cause. It is usually not visible to the naked eye and is diagnosed through a urine test. If the problem is due to a urinary tract infection, antibiotics should be prescribed; if it's due to urinary stones, methods like lithotripsy and drinking plenty of water should be considered; and if it's drug-related, the medications being used should be reviewed.

Does hematuria resolve spontaneously?

Yes, in some cases hematuria is temporary and resolves on its own, but usually it improves once the underlying condition is brought under control.

Which doctor treats hematuria?

The initial diagnosis for hematuria is made by urologists in the urology department. If hematuria is caused by kidney disease, the nephrology department deals with it; if it is caused by cancer or a tumor, the oncology department; and if it is caused by an infection, the infectious diseases department deals with it.

Does hematuria cause pain?

Hematuria is usually painless, but depending on the cause of the bleeding, it can cause pain in the pelvic area, kidneys, or abdomen.

What does "Unspecified Hematuria" mean?

"Unspecified hematuria" means that no clear cause was identified during the initial evaluation (urinalysis, basic blood tests, and imaging methods).

What does it mean to have blood clots in your urine?

The presence of blood clots in the urine indicates ongoing and relatively heavy bleeding. Clotted blood in the urine can occur especially in cases of large or superficial bleeding in the lower urinary tract (bladder) and requires medical attention.