Gynecology and Obstetrics

Our Obstetrics and Gynecology department provides services with its expert academic staff and advanced technological infrastructure.

Obstetrics and Gynecology is the medical branch concerned with women's reproductive health. Diagnostic, treatment and follow-up services are provided for a wide range of conditions and health concerns, including hormonal changes from adolescence through postmenopause, pregnancy, endometriosis, cervical cancer, menstrual disorders, infections, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and infertility.

Noawadays, with the advancements in modern medicine, many gynecological conditions can be successfully treated when diagnosed at an early stage. Therefore, gynecological examinations and follow-up are essential for maintaining women’s health

What is Obstetrics and Gynecology?

Obstetrics and Gynecology is a specialist branch dedicated to women's reproductive health and provides diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Gynecology is the medical term for this specialty; means the science of women. It covers all processes experienced from adolescence to menopause.

Diseases of the female reproductive system, childbirth, pregnancy, sexual health, infections, gynecological cancers, fertility problems and all issues related to the menstrual cycle are within the scope of the Obstetrics and Gynecology branch.

Not only the treatment of diseases but also preventive medicine practices such as gynecological examinations, routine check-ups, ultrasound follow-ups, HPV vaccinations, hormone analyses and smear tests are also performed.

Due to advancing technology recently, diagnostic and treatment processes in this field are carried out safely and comfortably using robotic surgical systems, laparoscopic (minimally invasive) surgeries, advanced imaging methods and specialized tests.

What is a Gynecologist?

A gynecologist is a medical doctor who has specialized in the field of female reproductive health. They are also referred to as specialists in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Gynecologists provide diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases and preventive healthcare services such as routine examinations, screening tests and vaccinations.

Gynecologists also play an active role in pregnancy processes. They provide guidance throughout all processes in this scope, from preparation process before pregnancy to pregnancy monitoring, from birth planning to postpartum counseling.

What Do Obstetrics and Gynecology Deal With?

Obstetrics and Gynecology deals with all health conditions related to the female reproductive system. It is concerned with the examination and treatment of all organs of the female reproductive system such as the uterus, ovaries, vagina, fallopian tubes and vulva. At the same time, processes such as adolescence, menopause and pregnancy are also within the scope of this branch.

Not only the diagnosis and treatment of diseases but also gynecological aesthetic procedures are performed. In addition to genital aesthetic procedures such as labiaplasty and vaginoplasty, interventional applications for conditions such as deformities and urinary incontinence are also performed.

The main areas covered by gynecology are as follows:

Problems of female reproductive organs
Menstrual irregularities
Hormonal disorders
Genital infections
Sexually transmitted diseases
Pregnancy monitoring and birth
Birth control methods
Infertility
Follow-up of menopause and after
Gynecological cancers
Screening tests
Sexual health
Sexual dysfunction
Aesthetic and functional interventions

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What is Obstetrics and Gynecology Diseases Department?

Obstetrics and Gynecology is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as menstrual irregularities, myomas, ovarian cysts, cervical diseases, vaginal infections, infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While some of these conditions can be treated easily and in a short time, some may lead to serious consequences if not diagnosed early. The main diseases within the scope of gynecology are as follows:

Uterus diseases (myoma, polyp, endometriosis)
Ovary diseases (polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cysts)
Cervical diseases (HPV, cervicitis)
Vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis, fungus, trichomonas, vaginal atrophy)
Sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, herpes, syphilis, HIV)
Menopausal and post-menopausal diseases
Gynecological cancers
Infertility
Sexual dysfunction and sexual health problems

Uterus Diseases (Myoma, Polyp, Endometriosis)

Myomas are benign tumors that are formed in the uterus. Because they are common in menstruating women, they are typically seen in women of reproductive age. Myomas can be in various sizes and numbers. They may cause symptoms such as heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and frequent urination. Small myomas are usually monitored with follow-up but surgical treatment may be required for large myomas.

Uterine polyps are growths inside the inner membrane of uterus (endometrium). It may present symptoms such as bleeding outside the menstrual period and spotting after sexual intercourse. Generally, they are usually benign but they may need to be removed if they are cancerous or at risk of becoming cancerous.

Endometriosis (chocolate cyst) is the condition of tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, growing outside the uterus. These growths bleed every month, just like in the menstrual cycle, but the blood cannot be expelled from the body. Therefore, it can lead to severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse and even infertility. Medication and if necessary, surgical intervention may be applied during treatment.

Ovary Diseases (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Ovarian Cysts)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly encountered hormonal disorder. Due to the formation of multiple small cysts in the ovaries, the ovulation cycle is disrupted. It commonly leads to irregular menstruation, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, insulin resistance and a predisposition to diabetes. The treatment process is quite comprehensive; in addition to diet and exercise, a doctor may prescribe hormonal medications or birth control pills.

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop in the ovaries. Although they are usually seen temporarily around the menstrual period, some may persist and require intervention.

Cervical Diseases (HPV, Cervicitis)

HPV is a sexually transmitted virus and is very common. Because it can lead to cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine is recommended for both women and men for preventive protection. Cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) is the inflammation of the cervix due to infection. It commonly causes symptoms such as vaginal discharge, burning during urination and bleeding and pain during sexual intercourse.

Vaginal Infections (Bacterial Vaginosis, Fungus, Trichomonas, Vaginal Atrophy)

Bacterial vaginosis occurs as a result of an imbalance in the vaginal flora. It typically presents with symptoms such as a fishy-smelling discharge, itching and irritation. It can be brought under control in a short time with antibiotic treatment. Vaginal yeast infection is caused by the fungus candida albicans, which leads to a thick, white, cheese-like discharge. It is usually treated with suppositories and medications.

Trichomonas infection is a sexually transmitted infection. Its symptoms include yellow-green, foul-smelling discharge, burning during urination and itching. Both the patient and their partner need to be treated.

Vaginal atrophy is a condition that usually occurs after menopause. After menopause, the body produces less estrogen so the vaginal walls become thinner and drier. Treatment options include hormone therapy, dietary changes and the use of moisturizers.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Chlamydia, Herpes, Syphilis, HIV)

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that often does not cause symptoms. If left untreated, it can cause infertility. Herpes is transmitted by the HSV virus. Recurrent sores appear in the genital area and the condition can be controlled with medication.

Syphilis is an infection characterized by painless sores. HIV is a virus that primarily weakens the immune system. The common feature of all these conditions is that they often do not cause symptoms, therefore, regular screenings should not be neglected.

Menopausal And Post-Menopausal Diseases

Menopause is a natural stage in which a woman’s menstrual cycle comes to a complete end. It is usually seen after the age of 45. In this period, many changes occur due to a decrease in the hormone estrogen. The most common problems are as follows:

Heat flashes
Changes in mental status
Vaginal dryness
Decrease in sexual desire
Urinary incontinence or frequent urination
Sleep problems

During this period, under doctor supervision, hormone therapies, vitamin supplements, proper nutrition, psychological support and gynecological screenings should not be neglected

Gynecological Cancers

Gynecological cancers are malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The treatment of these tumors is carried out within the field of gynecologic oncology. The most common gynecological cancer types are as follows:

Cervix Cancer
Uterine (Endometrium) Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Vulva And Vagina Cancers

The treatment of gynecological cancers varies depending on the type and stage of the disease Combined treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used in treatment. Many cancers detected at an early stage can be successfully treated. because of this, routine screenings should not be neglected.

Infertility

Infertility is a condition in which a couple is unable to conceive a child despite unprotected sexual intercourse for one year or longer. Infertility can develop due to factors related to either the woman or the man. Medipol IVF Center offers advanced treatment options such as ovulation monitoring, intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) tailored to couples diagnosed with infertility.

Sexual Dysfunction And Sexual Health Problems

Problems such as vaginal dryness, reduced libido, orgasm disorders and vaginismus can significantly reduce quality of life. These problems are treated by thoroughly evaluating both their physical and psychological aspects.

What Are The Symptoms Of Gynecological Diseases?

The symptoms of gynecological diseases vary depending on the type, condition and severity of the disease. While some symptoms may be temporary, others may indicate an underlying serious condition such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts or gynecological cancers. The underlying causes of the symptoms are identified through various methods such as physical examination, blood tests and ultrasound. With early diagnosis, many gynecological conditions can be successfully treated and symptoms can be eliminated.

The most common gynecological diseases are as follows:

Menstrual irregularities (frequent menstruation, sparse menstruation, long or short menstruations)
Spotting or bleeding outside of menstrual period.
Constant or periodic pain in groin or pelvic region
Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
Burning, itching or sensitivity in vaginal region
Vaginal discharges that show change in color, smell or consistency
Bleeding after menopause
Palpable hardness or mass in breast tissue
Nipple discharge (bloody or clear)
Vaginal dryness or decrease in sexual desire
Burning while urinating or frequent urination
Urinary incontinence
Increase in acne, oily skin (especially in jaw region)
Increase in hair (in face, chest, abdomen regions)
Rapid weight gain or loss
Change in mental status, irritability or depressive symptoms
Feeling of swelling or fullness in abdomen
Inability to have sexual intercourse (vaginismus)

If you have one or more of these symptoms, it is very important to consult a gynecologist without delay.

What Are The Procedures And Tests Performed In Gynecology And Obstetrics Department?

The procedures and examinations performed in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department are very important for evaluating female reproductive health and ensuring the early diagnosis of any existing conditions. Although the procedures performed vary depending on the type of complaint, there are also routine examinations such as physical examinations and ultrasonography.

The procedures and tests performed frequently in gynecology and obstetrics department are as follows:

Gynecological Examination
Ultrasonography (USG)
Smear test (Pap smear)
HPV test and vaccine
Hormone tests
Blood tests
Pregnancy tests and follow-up tests
Insemination and IVF procedures
Colposcopy
Genetic tests and screenings
Hysteroscopy
Laparoscopy
Urine tests
Intrauterine-device (IUD) placement and removal procedures
Pelvic examination for assessment of uterus and ovaries.
Mammography

What Are The Treatment Methods Of Obstetrics and Gynecology Diseases Department?

The treatment methods in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department cover a wide range, from laparoscopic surgeries to robotic surgery. The treatment methods offered are personalized and planned according to many factors, such as the type and severity of the disease, the woman’s age, lifestyle and general health condition. The most commonly applied treatment methods include:

Medication Treatment

In many gynecological conditions, medication is started as the first-line treatment. Thus, an attempt is made to bring the disease under control. Antibiotics, painkillers, antifungal and antiviral medications, and fertility drugs are among the medications prescribed depending on the type and condition of the disease.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT is a treatment used to increase estrogen and progesterone levels that decrease during menopause. In HRT, which is planned individually, regular follow-up is very important.

Myomectomy

Myomectomy is the procedure in which benign tumors in the uterus (myomas) are removed while preserving the uterus. It can be performed with robotic surgery or minimally invasive (laparoscopic) methods.

Polypectomy

Polypectomy is the removal of polyps that form in the inner membrane of the uterus Using a special camera system called hysteroscopy, the inside of the uterus is visualized. In this way, the procedure is performed through a small incision.

Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus, partially or completely. It is preferred in the treatment of serious health conditions such as cancer.

Laparoscopic Surgeries

Laparoscopic surgeries are minimally invasive procedures performed through small incisions in the body. It can be used for procedures such as insertion or removal of an intrauterine device, removal of ovarian cysts or treatment of conditions such as appendicitis.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is the direct visualization of the inside of the uterus. It can be performed for diagnostic purposes or to remove structures such as polyps and myomas.

Tube Ligation (Tying of Tubes)

Tubal ligation is a method of birth control used to permanently end fertility. Reversal is quite difficult, therefore, all options should be considered before making a decision.

Aesthetic And Functional Gynecological Interventions

Congenital or acquired aesthetic and functional disorders can be corrected with surgical interventions. In this context, procedures such as labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, perineoplasty and treatments for urinary incontinence are performed.

Birth Methods

Birth is a highly important process for the health of mother and baby. The physician determines the appropriate method of delivery based on the health status of the mother and the baby. These methods include vaginal (normal) delivery, epidural (painless) delivery and cesarean section.

Assisted Reproductive Techniques

For couples experiencing infertility, assisted reproductive techniques are very important. The most common methods include ovulation monitoring, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), microinjection (ICSI), embryo freezing and egg freezing.

What Should Be Kept In Mind About Gynecology Examination?

A gynecological examination is extremely important for the early diagnosis of possible diseases and for making an accurate diagnosis of existing conditions. The examination consists of very simple procedures and is completed in a comfortable manner. Things to keep in mind about gynecology examination are as follows:

Appointment scheduling should not coincide with the menstrual period. Menstrual bleeding may affect the tests that can be requested.
Personal hygiene should be taken into account before the examination.
The doctor may request urine or stool tests before the examination. For this reason, it may be advisable to avoid using the toilet beforehand.
For some procedures such as ultrasound, a full bladder may make imaging easier, so the doctor may ask you not to use the toilet.
All regularly used medications should be fully reported to the doctor.
Information about past illnesses, allergies or surgeries should be provided.
Information about sexual history should be shared openly.
If a gynecological examination is to be performed, it is very important to relax in positions such as lithotomy.
During a vaginal speculum examination, a mild pain may be felt but there is nothing to be afraid of.
Your doctor may request a vaginal ultrasound if necessary.
Other procedures such as smear test and discharge culture may also be planned. It is beneficial to come prepared based on the symptoms
In individuals who are not sexually active, a vaginal examination is usually not performed, abdominal ultrasound is usually preferred.
Those with a suspected pregnancy should inform the doctor in advance.

Our Hospitals Which Have Gynecology And Obstetrics Department

As Medipol Health Group, we provide our diagnostic, treatment and follow-up services for women’s health with the most up-to-date techniques, equipment and a team of specialist physicians. In our hospitals that are located in different regions of Istanbul, you can safely receive all the healthcare services you may need in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Below, you can find the list of our hospitals that have Obstetrics and Gynecology departments:

Bağcılar Medipol Mega University Hospital
MEDİPOL Acıbadem District Hospital
Bahçelievler Medipol Hospital
Koşuyolu Istanbul Medipol Hospital
Esenler Medipol University Hospital
Sefaköy Medipol University Hospital
Çamlıca Medipol University Hospital
Pendik Medipol University Hospital
Vatan Medipol University Hospital

For detailed information about Obstetrics and Gynecology, to make an appointment, or to consult specialist physicians, you can apply to the nearest Medipol hospital.

The Advantages Of Medipol Health Group During Childbirth

The childbirth process is a highly delicate period. As Medipol Health Group, we approach this process with an approach focused on mother and baby. We provide services with our team of specialist physicians and a holistic care approach to ensure that mothers and babies experience a comfortable, safe and personalized journey at every stage.

LDRP Rooms (Delivery Room)

At Medipol, the childbirth process is planned in personalized delivery units (LDRP) where comfort and safety are provided together. In our rooms that meet international quality standards, there is a separate area for guests’ use, featuring a private bathroom, television and wardrobe. In these special delivery rooms designed with the LDRP concept, your entire birth process is carried out safely with your dedicated doctor, nurse and midwife.

IVF Center

For couples experiencing fertility problems, Medipol achieves high success rates with its advanced In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Center. In our center, treatment processes are carried out using advanced reproductive technologies under the supervision of specialist doctors and embryologists.

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Perinatology

Perinatology support is very important in conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, multiple pregnancies, risk of preterm birth and fetal anomalies. The monitoring of high-risk pregnancies is carried out using advanced ultrasound systems and detailed genetic analyses. Our perinatologists provide close monitoring and intervention at every stage of pregnancy to protect the health of both the mother and the baby.

Baby-Friendly Hospital

Medipol holds the “Baby-Friendly Hospita” designation given by the Ministry of Health. The main goal of this approach is to encourage skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately after birth and to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour. All delivery room and ward staff are specially trained in this regard and accurate breastfeeding guidance is provided in line with policies that support breast milk.

Medipol Lactation Polyclinic

Through the Medipol lactation (breastfeeding) clinic, mother-infant bonding is facilitated and support is provided to help increase milk production. Breastfeeding nurses provide one-on-one support whenever the mother needs it, offering guidance on proper breastfeeding techniques and milk expression methods. Additionally, informational training and counseling services for new mothers aim to ensure a more informed postpartum period.

Frequently Asked Questions About Gynecology And Obstetrics

Is Gynecology And Obstetrics The Same Thing?

Obstetrics covers pregnancy monitoring and childbirth processes, while gynecology deals only with diseases of the female reproductive system.

How Is The First Gynecological Examination Performed?

The first gynecological examination may vary depending on the person’s age, symptoms and sexual history. The examination usually begins with taking a medical history and continues with ordering further tests based on the symptoms.